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White Africans (or less commonly European Africans or Euro Africans in a similar style to terms such as ''African American'' or ''French Canadian'') are people of European descent residing in, or hailing from, Africa who identify themselves as white. In 1989, there were an estimated 4.6 million Africans of European ancestry on the continent. Most are of Dutch, British, Portuguese, German, French, and to a lesser extent, Italian, Spanish, Greek, Jewish, or Irish descent. The majority once lived along the Mediterranean coast, South Africa, or in Zimbabwe.〔 The earliest permanent European communities in sub-Saharan Africa were formed at the Cape of Good Hope; Luanda, in Angola, São Tomé Island; and Santiago, Cape Verde〔Cybriwsky, Roman Adrian. ''Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture''. ABC-CLIO, LLC 2013. ISBN 978-1-61069-247-2 p 54-275.〕 through the introduction of Portuguese and Dutch traders or military personnel. Other groups of settlers appeared when France and Great Britain colonized Africa. Before regional decolonization, white Africans may have numbered up to 6 million persons〔''Calculated by adding together white residents of every African territory at their peak.''〕 and were represented in every part of the continent, particularly South Africa, South-West Africa, Algeria, Angola, Kenya, and Southern Rhodesia.〔Volume V: Africa, Australia, and Southern Islands. ''Lands and Peoples: The World in Color''. The Grolier Society of Canada Ltd 1955. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 54-11291. p 19-109.〕 A voluntary exodus of colonials accompanied most African nations after independence.〔Nakayama, Thomas & Halualani, Rona T (ch: Steyn, Melissa). ''The Handbook of Critical Intercultural Communication''. Blackwell Publishing 2010. ISBN 1-85649-323-7. p 27.〕 Some, including the Belgians in Burundi, were blatantly expelled by post-colonial governments.〔Sentman, Edgar Everette (editor). ''World Topics Yearbook 1963''. Tangley Oaks Educational Center 1963. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 56-31513. p 33.〕 Portuguese Mozambicans, who numbered about 200,000 in 1975,〔''Mozambique, the Troubled Transition: From Socialist Construction to Free Market Capitalism''. Zed Books Ltd 1995. ISBN 1-85649-323-7. p 27.〕 departed ''en masse'' because of economic policies directed against their wealth;〔''Africa in the Post-Decolonization Era''. Foreign Policy Research Institute 1984. ISBN 978-1-4051-8407-6. p 544.〕 they now number fewer than 50,000.〔 In Zimbabwe, white flight was spurred by an aggressive land reform programme introduced by President Robert Mugabe and the resulting economic misfortune.〔 The African country with the largest white population of European descent both numerically and proportionally is South Africa, at approximately 4.6 million (9.2% of the population).〔(South Africa: People: Ethnic Groups. ) World Factbook of CIA〕 Although since the 1990s there are no longer any states that have white minority rule, whites still hold a substantial ownership of the economy and land in specific states. ==Population history== *European percentage peaks from total population during the colonial era: * *South Africa: 21%〔 * *South-West Africa (Namibia): 14%〔 * *Algeria: 13%〔 * *Libya: 12%〔 * *Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe): 7%〔〔(An introduction to the history of Central Africa - Alfred John Wills - Google Books )〕 * *Spanish Morocco: Between 5-10%%〔 * *Tunisia: Between 5-10%%〔 * *Angola: 4%〔〔Gerald J.Bender & P. Stanley Yoder, "Whites in Angola on the Eve of Independence", ''Africa Today', 21 (4) 1974, pp. 23 - 37〕 * *French Morocco: Between 1-5%〔 * *Swaziland: Between 1-5%〔 * *Spanish Sahara (current Western Sahara): Between 1-5%〔 * *Northern Rhodesia (current Zambia): 2%〔〔(1964: President Kaunda takes power in Zambia ). BBC 'On This Day'.〕 * *Rest of Africa: under 1% : In most of Africa, Europeans accounted for under 1% of the population,〔〔 except for the colonies in Northern and Southern Africa (except for Egypt, Basutoland, Bechuanaland, and Nyasaland), which had the highest proportion of European settlers.〔 The White African population of Zimbabwe was much higher in the 1960s and 1970s (when the country was known as Rhodesia); about 296,000 in 1975.〔((Almost) Out of Africa: The White Tribes | World Affairs Journal )〕 This peak of around 4.3% of the population in 1975〔Wiley, David and Isaacman, Allen F. (1981). ''Southern Africa: society, economy, and liberation''. p. 55. Michigan State University, University of Minnesota〕 dropped to possibly 120,000 in 1999, and was estimated to be no more than 50,000 in 2002, and possibly much less.〔Quarterly Digest Of Statistics, Zimbabwe Printing and Stationery Office, 1999.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「White Africans of European ancestry」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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